Ana Sayfa Kuantum Gazetesi Tuzaklı iyonlarda fononun kuantum yürüyüşü

Tuzaklı iyonlarda fononun kuantum yürüyüşü

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Osaka Üniversitesi Kuantum Bilgi ve Kuantum Biyoloji Merkezi‘nden (Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology at Osaka University) araştırmacılar, kuantum yürüyüş (quantum walk) olarak tanımlanan kuantum algoritmalarının tasarlanmasında ve kuantum difüzyon olaylarının açıklanmasında kullanılan matematiksel bir model üzerine titreşimsel kuantumun yayılmasını göstermek için sıkışmış iyonları kullandıkları bir deney tasarladılar. Araştırma, lazerleri kullanarak iyonların mükemmel kontrolüne dayanmakta ve potansiyel biyolojik sistemler için yeni kuantum simülasyonları oluşturulmasına katkı sağlayabilir.

Çalışmayı gerçekleştiren bilim insanları bu “rastgele kuantum yürüyüşlerin” moleküler difüzyondan istatistik ve olasılık problemlerine kadar çeşitli fenomenleri açıklamak için inanılmaz derecede yararlı olduğunu keşfettiler.

Bu durumu şöyle de belirtebiliriz: kuantum mekaniğinin çok tuhaf özellikleri arasında rastgelelik ve öngörülebilirliğin şaşırtıcı bir karışımıdır. Özellikle, belirli bir yerde bir parçacık bulma olasılığı zaman içinde tahmin edilebilir bir şekilde yayılırken, aynı havuzdaki veya denizdeki dalgalanmalar gibi, aslında bir ölçüm yaptığınızda, doğal bir belirsizlik hali vardır. Bu durum, kuantum rastgele yürüyüşleri geleneksel muadillerinden temel olarak farklı kılar. Bir odaya yayılan gaz moleküllerinden farklı olarak, kuantum rastgele bir yürüyüşün dalgaları kendine müdahale ederek farklı bir salınım deseni oluşturabilir.

Osaka Üniversitesi’ndeki bilim insanları, deneylerine bir dizi kalsiyum iyonunu lazerlerle yakalayarak yapay bir kristal oluşturarak başladılar. İyonlar hala elektrik yükleriyle birbirlerini etkileyebilir durumdaydılar. Daha sonra ekip, üzerine ayrı bir lazer ışını göndererek bir iyonu titreşime başlatabileceklerini gösterdi.

Fonon adı verilen bu minimum olası titreşim, komşu bir iyona geçirilebilen bir enerji paketi gibi davranıyordu.

İlk olarak, iyon 2 konumunda aydınlatıcı bir ışık ile bir fonon hazırlanır. Titreşim, aralarındaki Coulomb etkileşimi nedeniyle dört iyon arasında yayılır. Belirli bir süre sonra (0 ile 0.01 saniye arasında değişmektedir), her iyonda fonon bulma olasılığı başka bir ışık huzmesi ile ölçülmüştür. Olasılık, teorik beklentilere tam olarak uyan karmaşık bir model gösterir. (Kaynak: Osaka Üniversitesi)

Makalenin baş yazarı Masaya Tamura bu durumu şöyle açıklıyor:

Lokalize bir fonon hazırlama ve gözlemleme yeteneği kullanılarak, dört iyonlu doğrusal kristalde yayılım tek bölge çözünürlüğüyle gözlemlenebilir. Ölçülen fonon konumları, 10 milisaniyeye kadar çeşitli sürelerde teorik tahminlerle eşleşti.

Üst düzey yazar Kenji Toyoda ise deneylerinin pratik yönünü şu şekilde belirtiyor:

Fonon kullanan sistemimiz, kimya ve biyolojide çözümlenememiş bazı soruları incelemek için kuantum simülasyonları gerçekleştirmek için bir platform sunuyor. Örneğin, %95’lik inanılmaz fotosentez etkinliğinin, en azından kısmen, kuantum rastgele yürüyüşlerin klasik rastgelelikle karşılaştırıldığında farklı hareket ettiği gerçeğine bağlı olduğu varsayılmıştır. Burada gösterilen sistem bunları ve diğer önemli sorunları çözebilir.

Kaynakça:

  1. Osaka Üniversitesi tarafından Materyal
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QTurkey, Türkiye’deki kuantum teknolojileriyle ilgili faaliyetler için bir iletişim ve işbirliği ağıdır. “Kuantum Programlamaya Giriş” çalıştayları düzenliyor, ilgili konulardaki ilgili öğrenciler için çalışma grupları ve toplantılar organize ediyoruz ve ülke düzeyinde kuantum meraklıları için bir buluşma alanı oluşturabilme amacıyla hareket ediyoruz.

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